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- <text id=94TT1134>
- <title>
- Aug. 29, 1994: Science:Brain Bane
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
- Aug. 29, 1994 Nuclear Terror for Sale
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- SCIENCE, Page 61
- Brain Bane
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> Researchers may have found a cause for dyslexia
- </p>
- <p>By Charles P. Alexander--Reported by Christine Gorman/New York
- </p>
- <p> The mysterious problem often surfaces in grade school: for no
- apparent reason, children have trouble reading. Though they
- may be intelligent and highly motivated, they still find it
- hard to distinguish between simple words like bat and pat. Sometimes
- the malady goes undiagnosed for years; but if the child is fortunate,
- a teacher or doctor will recognize the signs of a subtle disability
- called dyslexia, which may affect 10 million Americans.
- </p>
- <p> In the 1970s scientists began to suspect that people with dyslexia
- have some fundamental problem with their vision or hearing,
- since children verbalize words when learning to read. Studies
- have since suggested that victims have something amiss in the
- cerebral cortex, an all-important part of the brain responsible
- for thought and language. Last week researchers writing in the
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences presented evidence
- that may pinpoint a spot in the cortex where dyslexia originates.
- It is an area of tissue called the medial geniculate nucleus
- (MGN), which affects hearing by acting as a relay station for
- auditory signals.
- </p>
- <p> The researchers, led by Dr. Albert Galaburda of Harvard and
- Beth Israel Hospital in Boston, collected brains from dyslexics
- after the subjects had died, comparing these suspect brains
- with normal ones. Generally, they found, the neurons (nerve
- cells) in the MGN are the same size in both the right and left
- hemisphere of the brain. But in the dyslexia cases, notes team
- member Glenn Rosen, a Harvard neuroscientist, "we found that
- the size of the neurons is smaller in the left hemisphere than
- it is in the right hemisphere." The size differential is only
- 10% to 15%, but that may be enough to throw off the brain's
- timing and disrupt its crucial word-processing skills.
- </p>
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
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